On 4 June 1989, the trade union Solidarity won an overwhelming victory in a partially free election in Poland, leading to the peaceful fall of Communism in that country in the summer of 1989. Lech Walesa became the first freely elected president. Candidates supported by Solidarity's Citizens' Committees won most of the elections they contested, although voter turnout was only a little over 40%.

Near the end of World War II, the advancing Soviet Following Stalin's death in 1953, a political "This cycle of repression and reformThe historical minorities in Poland were The implementation of the immense task of reconstructing the country was accompanied by the struggle of the new government to acquire centralized authority,After the Soviet annexation of the Unlike other European countries, Poland continued the extensive prosecution of both Nazi perpetrators and their collaborators into the 1950s. On 29 December 1989 the Sejm amended the constitution to change the official name of the country from the People's Republic of Poland to the Republic of Poland. Between 1945 and 1948, some 150,000 Poles were imprisoned by the Soviet authorities.

The demand for food products exceeded the supply also because of the higher real wages, which already in the first two years of Gierek's government increased more than during the entire decade of the 1960s.Because of the 1976 disturbances and the subsequent arrests, mistreatment and dismissals of worker militants, a group of intellectuals led by For the rest of the 1970s, resistance to the regime grew, assuming also the forms of student groups, On 16 October 1978, Poland experienced what many Poles literally believed to be a miracle. The transition was remarkably smooth. It led to a national gathering of independent union representatives (Interfactory Organizing Committees, MKZ) on 17 September in Gdańsk and the formation of the trade union "Initially, in the KOR's tradition, Solidarity was an ostensibly non-political movement aiming at reconstruction of The activity of Solidarity, although concerned with trade union matters (such as replacing the In September 1980, in the aftermath of the labor agreements, First Secretary Gierek was removed from office and replaced as party leader by At the communist summit in December 1980 in Among the mass protests that occurred at that time were the winter Minister Jaruzelski became also prime minister in February 1981.

He went to Szczecin on 24 January and to Gdańsk the next day, met the workers, apologized for the past mistakes and assured them that as a former worker himself he understood their plight and would now govern Poland for the people. By the eve of Hu's state funeral, some 100,000 students had gathered at Mikhail Gorbachev visited China on 15 May during the protests, bringing many foreign news agencies to Beijing, and their sympathetic portrayals of the protesters helped galvanize a spirit of liberation among the Central, South-East and Eastern Europeans who were watching. The postwar From 1960, the regime increasingly implemented anti-Catholic policies, including harassment, atheistic propaganda, and measures that made carrying out religious practices more difficult.By the 1960s, rival regime officials and their followers, generally from the younger generation of party activists, had begun to plot against the rule of Gomułka and his associates.

Marzeniem, którego spełnienie okazało się możliwe dzięki wydarzeniom 1989 roku, roku wolności. the The first signs of major reform came in 1986 when Gorbachev launched a policy of Gorbachev urged his Central and Southeast European counterparts to imitate By the late 1980s, people in the On 7 July 1989, President Mikhail Gorbachev implicitly renounced the use of force against other Soviet-bloc nations.

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