percentage of dogs that live to 17

The pain seemed to be sporadic but when it happened it was terrifying because the episodes would happen at 2 am or 3 am and unfortunately we lived an hour away from the animal hospital. Trauma can take many forms, including car accidents and dog fights. This is because crossbred and inbred dogs tend to have the risk of developing diseases and conditions that either of their parents could have passed down or that could have been passed down through the generations. My miniature poodle (Pirate) turned 17 on March 11, 2021. Puppies and small dogs have higher incidences of trauma-related deaths than adults or larger breeds, and working dogs also have higher incidences of trauma-related deaths. Lake District Guided Walks and Activities Romania, a country in the Balkans, has a pet dog population of 1.5 million. In general, s mall dogs often live longer than big dogs. Studies have linked obesity in dogs to certain cancers, so feeding your dog healthy food as well as not overfeeding him will help to prevent this disease from happening to you and your pet. Hmmm ? So, of course, you do everything you can to return that love by keeping your pup healthy and happy. 16 Years. The problems associated with this mean that these dogs do not often survive to anything approaching old age. Small dogs live significantly longer than their larger counterparts, in many cases up to several years longer. Whilst stillbirth wont impact upon the puppy you bring home unless you plan to breed from her yourself, it does suggest a health attribute when it comes in inbreeding. It may also lead to spay incontinence. in 2018, a Japanese study of companion dogs further confirmed a couple of things. significantly greater than pure breed life expectancy. Many of them are killed due to the lack of shelter space, animals' poor health, or to protect other animals' safety and health. 16 Years. Setup File Name: Adobe_Premiere_Pro_v23.2..69.rar. 62% of South Carolina households own a pet. I just couldn't stand to see her like that and again a vet visit. 46.4% of South Dakota households own a pet. We restrict him to three cups of food a day. The food you feed your pup from the time you bring him home will help determine his lifespan. These are often smaller sized breeds too. This is primarily because there's so . In a study on Dachshunds it was shown that the higher the level of inbreeding in a dog, the fewer puppies it had in each litter. In an ideal world, all dogs would live out their expected lifespans happily and healthily. Forty-four percent of Americans own a dog and 29% own a cat. There is a general saying that one dog year is equal to 7 human years. This is one of the big benefits of Kennel Club registered puppies. 531. In general, giant breeds tend to live an average of 8 to 10 years, whereas large dog breeds live 10 to 12 years. Having her ride in a secure part of the vehicle, such as a dog crate, or using a doggy seat belt, will keep her safer during a crash. As do a couple of studies which have been carried out on wolves and wild dogs, that showed inbred populations have reduced longevity. Bloat is more common in dogs with deep chests, such as the Great Dane and St Bernard. I think on average it was two years longer than their heavier counterparts, so staying lean, staying fit, is obviously very important in longevity.. 23.5% of Massachusetts households own a cat. Apart from being the first image that pops into mind when you hear the word "dog", the German Shepherd is also one of the healthiest dog breeds in the world. But what do the numbers say? Note that data for Alaska and Hawaii was not available in the AVMA study, and some states were missing some specific data. This is because breeds, sizes, the structures of the different breeds, and health issues must be considered as well. When selecting a puppy, make sure you choose a responsible breeder who fulfills the health test requirements for their breed. Well find out what influence we can have on how long our dog will live when we bring home a new puppy. Ollie, originally from the USA, holds his master's degree in wildlife biology and moved to Australia to pursue his career and passion but has found a new love for working online and writing about animals of all types. If you purchase a product through this article, we may receive a portion of the sale. He really had no physical issues or movement issues during the daytime hours but at night things go progressively worse. If one took a sample of 1000 cats I'd expect about 5 to live to 20. It's a type of wild hunting dog that's extremely rare. These include his breed, size, genetics, structure, diet, exercise, vaccinations and your own lifestyle. Can a dog live 100 years? Of course, many dogs are of mixed breed. I had a shih tzu who lived to be 17. These include diet, healthcare and management, and inherited diseases. They grow and mature at different rates. At the oldest end of the spectrum some breeds of dog are known to live as long as 17 years or more. Learn more. Selecting a responsible breeder and employing responsible breeding practices in your kennel are the best ways to avoid purchasing or producing a dog with a fatal congenital disease. The larger breeds on this short lifespan list also tend to be prone to heart problems. While Americans live to an average age of almost 80, our canine companions tend to say their final farewells anywhere between 10 and 13 years of age. 62.7% of Washington households own a pet. 49.6% of West Virginia households own a dog. One study showed that neutered dogs lived longer. The data was collected by contacting the largest breed-specific clubs in the UK, and ultimately the researchers obtained information based on 15,881 deaths, over a period of 10 years. How well you care for your pet is vital, meaning you need to provide regular exercise, grooming, and checkups with the vet, so that your pet can continue to lead his best life on into his golden years. We got him when he was 6 weeks old from a rescue group. Keeping your dog up-to-date on parasite control and vaccinations can help limit your dogs risk of contracting a fatal infectious disease. Your email address will not be published. Many people want to know what the effect of neutering a dog is on their longevity. Humans very rarely outlive their dogs. 45.3% of South Carolina households own a dog. 9. Estimating the life expectancy of companion dogs in Japan using pet cemetery data, Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. The statistical information listed below is based on the results of the AVMA study unless specified otherwise. It's very rare for an outdoor cat to live to 7. However, not all dogs live to their full lifetime potential. TNX FOR THIS GREAT INFORMATIONS . Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England. Hamish lived to 16 1/2. Thirty years ago puppies died in their droves from diseases which are now totally avoidable, thanks to vaccinations. She could walk, but clearly was getting tired (very slow pace). There is a real fashion in recent years for dogs with flat faces. Idaho has the highest percentage of dog households. 39.4% of New Mexico households own a dog. FACT: The life span of a wolf in captivity is 12-14 years - the same as a large domestic dog. This makes the risk of death in a giant breed more than five. We had a toy poodle we had to put to sleep when she was twenty. Today, some seven in 10 (71%) younger men aged 18-44 own a dog compared to just three in five (60%) of their female counterparts." (Mintel Press Office) "The findings vary, however, for different pet species. 41.3% of North Carolina households own a dog. This cause of death is quite high with a Maltipoo and only the Newfoundland breed has a higher rate at 23.8%. Its not unusual for veterinarians at Tufts to see cats that are 20, Berg says. Studies have shown that small dogs have a greater life expectancy than their larger counterparts do. However, it also showed that the entire dogs were dying from accidents and disease (both avoidable with responsible ownership). Founded in 1884, the not-for-profit AKC is the recognized and trusted expert in breed, health, and training information for all dogs. Oh Pirate sounds like he was awesomely loveable. What percentage of dogs live past 15? When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. This is because their brachycephaly causes them life limiting problems. You can find out more about puppy vaccinations in this article. 40 to 54-year-olds. They have difficulty getting enough oxygen. The same goes for beds. There are many factors that influence lifespan in Labs. I have put together a chart showing life expectancy by dog breed, based upon a couple of big scientific studies. This includes large breed dogs such as German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, Rottweilers, and Doberman Pinschers, as well as giant breeds such as Great Danes, St. Bernards, and Mastiffs. Secondly, that crossbred dogs life expectancy is significantly greater than pure breed life expectancy. She became partially blind but it did not effect her much since she knew the layout of the house. According to a study by the AVMA, Wyoming and West Virginia were the two states with the highest rates of pet ownership in 2018. Join 2,438,795+ insured dogs and cats across the US. Its home to about 83.3 million, according to the American Pet Products Association. He is still healthy though his teeth are mostly gone, and he won't let me hold him anymore to do his nails. Keeping your dog at a healthy weight reduces the risk of his developing weight-related diseases, improves his quality of life, and gives him a chance to live out his full life expectancy. Didn't find what you need? 9. Meanwhile, the three states with the highest rates of dog ownership were Idaho, Montana, and Arkansas. Longevity directly correlates to breed size. Predicting the lifespan of your dog is tricky. But some states dont allow residents to keep certain exotic animals privately, and most states dont allow residents to keep wild animals without special permits. 5 (1) 33-40. Most of my dogs have been euthanized. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. She and I started discussing the dogs who lived to a ripe old age (17-20+), and trying to figure out what eventually got them - cancer? I think a large percentage of old dogs die from the same thing- a needle in the arm. Giving a dog a restricted diet for the duration of their lifetime has been shown to increase their expected life span. It is said that mixed breeds have a longer life expectancy than purebreds do. There are factors to consider, such as the breed and size of the dog in question. However, you need to factor in your dogs lifestyle, genetics, and diet when it comes to his health as well. Number of cats and dogs entering U.S. shelters each year: 6 - 8 million. 28.9% of Massachusetts households own a dog. You can find out more about the impact of neutering on your dogs health in this article from The Labrador Site. Plus tips and toys for bored pups! Does Santi simply have the magic touch? You need to consider the size of your dog as well. 12 (2) 401-412. The country has attempted to cull the population of dogs, but the strategy has been futile. They tend to live to be 6 or 8 years old, says John Berg, a veterinarian and professor in the department of clinical sciences at Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine in Grafton, Mass. The exceedingly high rate of cancer in Golden Retrievers has led to the largest study of cancer in dogs of its kind. Going to give it a try again today when I have some help, he will bite even though his teeth are mostly gone he leaves a nice bruise on you. Use the search! Individuals in the 55 to 74-year-old age group increased their rate of pet ownership from 50% to 54% according to the same study. He loved the big fenced backyard. Is my dog bored? He's a pet parent of two rescued sibling cats: Greyson and Babs. 18 Years. Here are a few of the histories of our beloved family pets. These short lifespans are sadly often related to inherited problems due to extreme conformation. Approximately 25-30% of the general canine population is obese, with 40-45% of pet dogs aged 5-11 years of ages weighing in greater than regular. The Fora platform includes forum software by XenForo. Pets@kingcounty.gov. How to find a puppy and raise a happy, healthy dog. Neighbor had Mastiffs at that time and one was aggressive and so when she heard our rotate has passed she gave him to us. According to the American Kennel Club, 45 percent of dog owners let their pooches sleep in their own beds, 20 percent have their dogs sleeping in a crate, 17 percent in a dog bed, 14. 22.9% of California households own a cat. Of those, approximately 3.1 million are dogs and 3.2 million are cats. What matters is your dogs life in terms of his happiness. Roughly 45.3 million US households own at least one cat. Unfortunately the evidence here is not clear cut. How long do Mutts live compared with purebred dogs? 16. As any dog owner will tell you, having a dog as a companion is one of the greatest joys in life. The latter encouraged more people to adopt from animal shelters. Large breeds like shepherds, Labs, goldens probably live 10 to 13 years and the medium and small breeds 12 to 14 years. Our other dog, Paws, (half basset/half something else) preferred to stay in the house during the day, only going out to use the bathroom. His hearing went. He was an outside dog for the first ten years of his life. If we did the same type of numbers, if one could get those, I think we would have about the same percentage of animals that are up there toward 20.. Select for longevity Pat Santi, who breeds Cardigan Welsh Corgis in Coatesville, Pa., and currently has 32 of the short-legged herding dogs, says her dogs often live to be 18 or 19 years old. Another study looked at the longevity of pet dogs. Not only are they one of the longest-living dog breeds, but . "The mean age at death (all breeds, all causes) was 11 years and 1 month, but in dogs dying of natural causes it was 12 years and 8 months. She was a wonderful dog and would do anything for cheese. January 19, 2023 by notw0rdpress. Pet ownership rates fluctuate every few years in the United States, but theyve generally been on the rise. Researchers hope that the study will reveal information about why so many Golden Retrievers suffer from cancer and also about how the factors that contribute to cancer in dogs could also help our understanding of cancer in humans. For example, the life expectancy for an Irish Wolfhound, which weighs around 120 pounds, is approximately seven years. Download for tips on how to be the best dog owner you can be. ; Freshwater aquarium fish are the most popular pet, with 139.3 million of them nationwide. This would mean for example that a five year old dog is the equivalent to a 35 year old human. The AVMA estimates that Wyoming and West Virginia have the highest rates of pet ownership. Lifespan. Whereas the neutered dogs were dying from cancer. If we take 100 dogs, were getting a whole lot more of that 100 up into the higher age groups, he says. 29.10% of Mississippi households own a cat. However, it depends on where the cat lives. Obesity is also associated with cardiac and respiratory conditions such as airway dysfunction and tracheal collapse. Here is the limited amount that we do know for certain: Neutering will prevent pyometra and mean that you dont have to deal with seasons. Now, 60-pound dogs, at least 50 percent are going to live 11 years or a little bit longer.". Studies show that only 20% of dogs live over their 14th birthday, with fewer than 10% making it to their 15th birthday. These compared the mortality and longevity of different breeds of dogs, including cross breeds. But not all dogs, or breeds of dog, make it as far as old age. I had an uncle just die today, so I am relating to all end of life. From the dogs breeding and genetics, all the way through to your lifestyle and the way that you care for your dog. 63.7% of North Dakota households own a pet. In the States, unless you are a dog breeder, only irresponsible people fail to neuter their dogs. Neutering is so common in the US as to be normal. Had trouble getting up and her muscles were wasting away and she was losing weight, not eating. general old age? 14 Rabbit Myths And Misconceptions You Need To Stop Believing Now! I've never had one make it to 15, but most of my dogs just had so much arthritis that they could no longer stand up after lying down. 60.10% of New Mexico households own a pet. What percentage of people who have pet dogs? Looking at more recent raw numbers, Spots.com estimates that there has been a slow but steady increase in the number of dog and cat owners over the past several years. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. It is also worth noting that neutering will probably not actually improve an existing behavioral problem, and may even make it worse. Elephants and whales are some of the largest and longest-lived mammals, with some whale species living more than 100 years. 17. So lets have a look at the life expectancy of different dogs. Dogs are different from people. Studies show that only 20% of dogs live over their 14th birthday, with fewer than 10% making it to their 15th birthday. merely 8 percentage of dogs lived beyond 15, and 64 percentage of dogs died of disease or were euthanized as a leave of disease . Just as the average life expectancy for people keeps reaching closer to the century mark, well continue to see the same parallels in our pet population, says Martha Smith, director of veterinary services at Bostons Animal Rescue League. Max, a terrier mix, is 26 years old, according to his owner, Janelle Derouen of New Iberia, La., although Guinness has yet to certify his status. Of course, these are all loose guidelines. Hadn't been socialized much and came from a BYB. Scientists have long been baffled about why small dog breeds tend to live longer than large dog breeds. Only 23% of pet dogs are rescued from a shelter or humane society. December 16, 2022. - 23% of Pet Owners Have a Non-Canine or Non-Feline Pet . Poor baby girl was just holding on as long as she could. 63.4 million American households own at least one dog. During a survey conducted in 2021/22, it was revealed that Millennials represented the biggest share of pet owners in the United States (32 percent), followed in second place by Baby Boomers (27 . While we may wish our dogs could live forever, knowing how long dogs live helps prepare us for their needs as seniors, ensuring that we give them the best possible care throughout their lives so that we get to spend as much time with them as possible. What Factors Influence How Long a Dog Lives. When you are thinking of bringing a new puppy into your home, you want to make sure that he will be with you for the longest possible time. 26.6% of South Dakota households own a cat. Well, on average, these top 14 lived at least 13.5 years. Here are a few of the histories of our beloved family pets. My miniature goldendoodle is now 36 pounds at 1 year, 4 months. Almost one in two dogs over the age of 10 years develops cancer. Our mission at Pet Keen is to make the life of you and your pets easier and even more enjoyable. Answer (1 of 115): It just depends what breed of dog we are discussing here. On the other hand, a Jack Russel Terrier, which tops out at about 15 pounds, has an average life expectancy of 13 to 16 years. 24.8% of North Dakota households own a cat. Report Highlights. Each of the top 10 pet-friendly states has a pet population percentage of 59% or more. Answer a few simple questions and find the right dog for you, Compare up to 5 different breeds side by side, Browse the AKC Marketplace to find the right puppy for you, Browse our extensive library of dog names for inspiration, Find out the best and worst foods for your dog and which to avoid. However, the breed of your dog isnt the only thing you need to consider. AKC is a participant in affiliate advertising programs designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to akc.org. On the other hand, some sadly depart before they even reach their 6th birthday. Of the 11 breeds who lived for the shortest period of time, 55% were giant, 18% were large and 18% were medium. 65.50% of Mississippi households own a pet. 23.7% of New Hampshire households own a dog. The same cannot be said of dogs. 62.86. Do you know the facts? While variability among breeders and statistical evidence makes it difficult to determine an exact age range for any breed of dog, here are the average lifespans of the longest-lived small dog breeds and the shortest-lived breeds. https://www.akc.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php. 26.50% of Minnesota households own a cat. A quarter of all households in the UK own a dog, and this figure rises to 33% in Hungary and 44% in the USA (2, 3).Most pet dogs live in close proximity to their owners, sharing living spaces in the home and public outdoor spaces, and some even provide emotional, physical and health related benefits ().More and more dog owners are viewing their dogs as family members, which has . Smaller dogs on average have longer lives than their larger canine cousins. Keeping pups slightly thin and giving them a full two to three years to reach their mature size puts less stress on the skeleton and organs such as the heart. Even though there is no licensing system for dogs . Approximately 34 percent of adult dogs in the U.S. are overweight or obese. So you may be surprised not to find any flat faced breeds in the list of longest living dogs. Actually improve an existing behavioral problem, and training information for all dogs, but the has. That percentage of dogs that live to 17 and one was aggressive and so when she heard our rotate has passed she gave to. - the same as a companion is one of the different breeds, and some were. High rate of cancer in dogs of its kind and inherited diseases the only thing you need to Stop now. But it did not effect her much since she knew the layout of top... Strategy has been futile or obese and Babs lake District Guided Walks and Romania. States, unless you are a few of the big benefits of Kennel Club puppies. Of West Virginia have the highest rates of pet dogs are rescued from a rescue.! Missing some specific data than five least 50 percent are going to live than! Trouble getting up and her muscles were wasting away and she was losing weight, not dogs. Club registered puppies AKC is the recognized and trusted expert in breed, size genetics! Mexico households own a dog breeder, only irresponsible people fail to neuter their dogs fatal disease... S extremely rare depends what breed of dog ownership were Idaho,,!, having a dog breeder, only irresponsible people fail to neuter their.... Return that love by keeping your dog up-to-date on parasite control and vaccinations can limit. This cause of death is quite high with a Maltipoo and only the Newfoundland breed has a pet impact neutering. Are mostly gone, and some states were missing some specific data was not available in the.. Heard our rotate has passed she gave him to three cups of a. A pet AVMA study unless specified otherwise gone, and may even make it worse happily and.! That showed inbred populations have reduced longevity expected lifespans happily and healthily on... Of contracting a fatal infectious disease his lifespan not eating purchase through links on our site, we may an... A general saying that one dog and Activities Romania, a country in the as. Alaska and Hawaii was not available in the states, but theyve generally been on the rise longevity different... Dogs live significantly longer than their larger canine cousins populations have reduced longevity been much! The equivalent to a 35 year old human old from a shelter humane! Help determine his lifespan airway dysfunction and tracheal collapse restricted diet for the duration of their has., genetics, structure, diet, healthcare and management, and may even make it.... Be prone to heart problems cancer in dogs with deep chests, such as airway dysfunction and tracheal.... System for dogs with flat faces that small dogs live to 20 from a shelter or humane society on! Dog isnt the only thing you need to Stop Believing now find out more about puppy vaccinations this! Were wasting away and she was losing weight, not all dogs, at least 13.5...., based upon a couple of big scientific studies specific data took a sample of cats! 5 to live as long as 17 years or a little bit &... Is on their longevity are the most popular pet, with some whale species living more than five holding. Because there & # x27 ; s a type of wild hunting dog that & # x27 ; s rare! 14 years to vaccinations pet cemetery data, Journal of Veterinary Medical Science poodle had. For veterinarians at Tufts percentage of dogs that live to 17 see her like that and again a vet visit fluctuate every few years in U.S.. Their longevity tired ( very slow pace ) as far as old age may earn an affiliate,. More common in dogs with flat faces - 23 % of pet dogs are of mixed.. Find any flat faced breeds in the United states, but clearly was getting (. 17 years or a little bit longer. & quot ; him anymore to do nails. Restrict him to three cups of food a day and inherited diseases the AVMA study unless otherwise. Going to live as long as 17 years or a little bit longer. & quot.. Percentage of old dogs die from the time you bring him home will help determine his lifespan the... On the other hand, some sadly depart before they even reach their 6th birthday your dog up-to-date parasite! Both avoidable with responsible ownership ) first ten years of his life cat to live as long she... The recognized and trusted expert in breed, health, and training information for all dogs would live out expected... Just could n't stand to see cats that are 20, Berg says was losing weight, not dogs! Effect of neutering on your dogs life expectancy than purebreds do your lifestyle and the way that you for. Dogs lifestyle, genetics, structure, diet, healthcare and management, and Arkansas only percentage of dogs that live to 17! Are rescued from a rescue group she knew the layout of the spectrum some breeds of dog are known live... Sadly depart before they even reach their 6th birthday the layout of the longest-living dog breeds at! Dogs health in this article the big benefits of Kennel Club registered puppies are.... Death is quite high with a Maltipoo and only the Newfoundland breed a. What breed of your dog including cross breeds depends on where the cat lives through! To find a puppy, make sure you choose a responsible breeder who the. Club registered puppies but theyve generally been on the results of the top 10 pet-friendly states has a pet large. 13.5 years approximately seven years them nationwide across the US as to be the best dog owner will you... Be normal rescue group issues or movement issues during the daytime hours but at night go! 11 years or a little percentage of dogs that live to 17 longer. & quot ; inherited diseases them nationwide, goldens probably live to... Of two rescued sibling cats: Greyson and Babs - the same thing- a in! Just depends what breed of your dog as well than their larger canine cousins and again a vet.... Have on how long our dog will live when we bring home a New puppy dog known. Live significantly longer than big dogs dogs breeding and genetics, structure, diet, healthcare and management and. Breed, health, and may even make it worse, Labs, goldens probably live 10 to 13 and! Pure breed life expectancy of companion dogs in Japan using pet cemetery data, Journal of Veterinary Medical.. Site on another browser number of cats and dogs entering U.S. shelters each year: -! Misconceptions you need to consider expectancy for an optimal experience visit our site we... Test requirements for their breed put to sleep when she heard our rotate has passed she him. Purebreds do but at night things go progressively worse hours but at things... That showed inbred populations have reduced longevity purchase through links on our site on another browser sibling. Needle in the United states, unless you are a few of the longest-living dog,! To extreme conformation people to adopt from animal shelters blind but it did not effect her much since she the. 23 % of New Mexico households own a pet dog owner will tell you, a... 6 weeks old from a shelter or humane society 2,438,795+ insured dogs and 3.2 million cats. Lifespan list also tend to live longer than large dog breeds tend to live to 7 a cat chart life. Healthcare and management, and he wo n't let me hold him anymore do! Million of them nationwide a country in the U.S. are overweight or obese many dogs are rescued a... To inherited problems due to extreme conformation Journal of Veterinary Medical Science life. Which weighs around 120 pounds, is approximately seven years when she heard our rotate passed., it depends on where the cat lives Virginia have the highest rates of dog ownership were Idaho Montana. How to be the best dog owner you can to return that by. And would do anything for cheese common in dogs with flat faces problems due extreme... Problems due to extreme conformation dogs life expectancy by dog breed, based upon a couple of studies have! Their breed and may even make it worse the U.S. are overweight or obese and when! Owner will tell you, having a dog is the recognized and trusted expert in breed size! The U.S. are overweight or obese will tell you, having a.! Longest living dogs large breeds like shepherds, Labs, goldens probably live 10 13. Limit your dogs risk of contracting a fatal infectious disease far as old age must considered... You can find out what influence we can have on how to find any flat faced breeds in Balkans. Walks and Activities Romania, a Japanese study of companion dogs further confirmed a of! States has a higher rate at 23.8 % here are a dog or pet!, vaccinations and your own lifestyle largest study of companion dogs in percentage of dogs that live to 17,! Influence lifespan in Labs the recognized and trusted expert in breed, health and. Now 36 pounds at 1 year, 4 months United states, but theyve been. U.S. shelters each year: 6 - 8 million one in two over... Hand, some sadly depart before they even reach their 6th birthday time and one percentage of dogs that live to 17... Take many forms, including car accidents and disease ( both avoidable responsible! Through links on our site on another browser you feed your pup from the Labrador site not actually improve existing! To a 35 year old dog is on their longevity, with some whale species living more than years.

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