Looking at European responses to American mass culture, whether in its early forms like Buffalo Bills Wild West show touring Europe, or in later forms like Hollywood movies, or advertisements for American consumer products, they have always been of two kinds. If you take the Wild West show over there you can remove that reproach.. They killed thousands of buffalo a day, leaving the animals lifeless bodies where they fell on the plains to rot. Spectacles such as cowboy fun or the tableau of American Indian life usually served as prelude to a dramatic event, such as a battle scene. The show generated its own electricity and staffed its own fire department. The funeral procession in Denver, Colorado saw thousands of adoring fans line the streets to pay their respects. When President Carnot politely declined the gift, there was reason to believe that, for all of the synergy associated with Americanization, it was sometimes possible for Europeans to just say no. The rest of the audience followed suit, while British soldiers and officers saluted. Whats clear, of course, is that Codys performances left an undeniable and indelible mark on how millions of people across generations have processed the Wild West. The scalp and warbonnet of Yellow Hair were removed from their stage-side case, never to be displayed again. This new troupe was called The Buffalo Bill Combination, and it toured around cities with alternating casts for the next 10 years. Sheridan reached out to William Tecumseh Sherman, who had distinguished himself with his scorched-earth battle tactics during the Civil War, for advice. Get your history fix in one place: sign up for the weekly TIME History newsletter. After learning about William Cody, the man responsible for the Wild West as many know it, take a look at 48 snapshots of life in the real Wild West. Two of the most famous firearms produced by the technological revolution in America were the Colt revolver, invented by Samuel Colt in 1835, and the Winchester repeating rifle. Its stars included Annie Oakley, the famous rifle shot, and, in 1885, Chief Sitting Bull. For instance, Coca-Cola would be advertised as being the real thing. Levis jeans would for many years be advertised as being the original Levis, an American original. Others, such as the Cole Younger and Frank James Wild West attempted to capitalize on famous names or events. He supported them all, even as an old, white icon of the Wild West. The most famous black cowboy, and perhaps the most famous of all Wild West show cowboys, was the 101 Ranchs bulldogger, Bill Pickett. For many years Cody performed during the winter and continued scouting for the army in the summer or escorting hunting parties to the West. On almost a daily basis, French newspapers were filled with accounts of the Wild West and its performers, especially the American Indians, who attracted attention wherever they went, especially when they climbed the Eiffel Tower. 21 terms. Few questioned the supposed educational value or legitimacy of his project. Although occasional revivals and adaptations are staged in the United States and abroad, the era of the Wild West can conveniently be said to have died in 1917 along with its greatest proponent, Buffalo Bill Cody. Judson) and Prentiss Ingraham. Cody would eventually speak against the scalping of Native people. In 1886, William Cody received an offer that seemed too good to be true. La musique - Adomania. The Second Empire-style house was the largest house in North Platte in the late 19th Century. Cody expanded his show from a small stage to an extravaganza the size of a small town. To be honest, the English promoters of the American Exhibition were desperate. Without the bullet, America would not be a great, free, united, and powerful country.. Until about 1932, seven issues of Sarrasani were published, documenting the work of his circus and expressing the intentions of Stosch-Sarrasani. He died 1917 at the age of 58. Thousands of fans lined the streets as his body was carried to a grave on Lookout Mountain in Colorado. Ultimately, the presiding judge threw the case out and Codys appeal for divorce was dismissed. The role of Indian people was both essential and anomalous in the Wild West. In 1883 Cody, with the help of producer and partner Nate Salsbury, organized his own Wild West showa spectacular outdoor entertainment with a cast of hundreds, featuring fancy-shooting, hard-riding cowboys and yelling Indians, along with re-creations of a buffalo hunt, the capture of the Deadwood (South Dakota) stagecoach, and a Pony Express ride. All Rights Reserved. This interdisciplinary work moves from the transcontinental railroads epochal completion in 1869, which produced a continuous market, to the patenting of ambient music transmission in 1922.This slim yet substantive volume will intrigue and enlighten the casual reader.This is a gratifying entry into the marketplace of ideas.Library Journal, The result of a unique collaboration between American and European authors, Buffalo Bill in Bologna is a graceful re-examination of the origins of America's cultural domination at home and abroad. Grady the Famous Cow. They fearlessly tamed animals and fought savages. 48 snapshots of life in the real Wild West. As such, hes arguably the inventor of the myth of the Wild West. Instead, they set out to star in their own stories of physical dominance. 20 terms. William suddenly became the man of the house and consequently, Bill Cody was just 11 years old when he set out to find his first job. With Buffalo Bill Cody. Her real name was Phoebe Anne Oakley Moses, but she was known as "Little Sure Shot" because she had such great . For less prominent Native Americans, being part of the touring group allowed them to travel the country as well as to Europe for a salary of $25 per month. He claimed to have killed 4,282 buffalo. The results were simply incredible. With the Wild West show gaining in popularity, Cody also strove to increase its respectability. While critics despised the play, one described it as a dime novel on stage, Scouts of the Prairie was a roaring success with the general public. Historians have argued about whether Codys claims of riding in the Pony Express and many of his other self-touted accomplishments were actually true. In fact, the European fantasy of the American West had already spawned its own popular authors like Balduin Mollhausen and Karl May in Germany, Gustave Aymard in France, and Mayne Reid in England. As such, Sitting Bull spent four months in Bills Wild West in the summer of 1885 and considering the fact that he was the most famous of the hundreds of Plains Indians, that meant a lot towards legitimizing the stories in Codys shows. The circus band became the Cowboy Band and backed the arena action with appropriate mood-setting music. Buffalo Bill walks over to Yellow Hands lifeless body, takes out his knife, and removes Yellow Hands scalp. Given the popularity of Buffalo Bills show in Germany, a great demand remained for equivalent events. Features such as the Pony Express, the wagon train, or the attack on the stagecoach recreated specific and well-known events. During the tour in Europe in 1892, Buffalo Bills partner, Nate Salsbury, created the Congress of Rough Riders of the World. Mounted military troupes from many nations drilled in the arena alongside the American cowboys and Indians. Recognizing the financial possibilities inherent in dramatizing the West, Cody was easily persuaded in 1872 to star in Buntlines drama The Scouts of the Prairie. Or was the Wild West just another touring show, turning the American West into a pageant, only better than rival shows? Then the whole show would be struck, loaded, and moved overnight to the next town. His numerous final performances left audiences beaten down with goodbyes that seemingly continued indefinitely, though he did eventually say goodbye to his life on stage for good in 1916. He started in 1868 as a hunter and a guide. Looking for educational tools, programs, and resources for a class or for homeschooling? While Cody may have been more catching than others in his showmanship, in other words more American, it is important to ask, did European audiences noticed this difference? Colonel William F. Cody--Buffalo Bill--Pioneer Pony Express Ride, Indian Fighter and Showman--the Most Famous Scout in American History, the Idol of Young America. Footage of Buffalo Bill crossing river on horseback. A small band of Cheyenne warriors had been spotted heading west in pursuit of two U.S. military couriers. The key to the whole affair was not the wild men and animals, the Indians, the frontier types, the bucking broncos and buffalo, but the revolver and the repeating rifles, two of the most innovative products of nineteenth-century industrial civilization in the United States. The Last Stand became a regular feature in Codys and other shows, sometimes even employing actual battle participants from both sides. bio test 2 pt 1 &2. The Indian Gallery of artist George Catlin featured American Indians with native dress and accouterments to complement his paintings. The U.S. government had declared de facto total war against Native people wherever they stood between the United States and its expansion west. But the essential message of the show remained unchanged: in the United States white, Anglo-Saxon civilization had tamed savagery, rendering savages a source of amusement, ethnographic study, and inspiration for a shared racial consciousness among whites that held the potential for blurring class distinctions. William F. Cody was born on Feb. 26, 1846 in LeClaire, Iowa, to Isaac and Mary Ann Laycock Cody. The cowboy was said to have managed to kill Yellow Hair, a Cheyenne warrior which was naturally incorporated into Codys stage shows thereafter. Became the world's most famous American. The exhibitions of shooting were not the only way in which the Wild West showed off American know-how. Privacy Policy. The show carried grandstand seating for twenty thousand spectators along with the acres of canvas necessary to cover them. As it turns out, there were clear moments in the European response that spoke of an awareness of the Americanness of Buffalo Bills Wild West. The Wild West show of Buffalo Bill. Shermans advice to Sheridan was simple: remove the buffalo in order to remove the Indian. The same skits and music later were easily adapted to film and television Westerns.. Cody died on Jan.y 10, 1917, at age 70. The audience holds its breath as the . Carver. The exhibition included a program that was similar to Buffalo Bills, with Indian attacks on a log cabin and on a stagecoach, and horse stealing thrown in for good measure. Wikimedia CommonssWilliam Cody and his wife Louisa are buried on Lookout Mountain in Golden, Colorado. His partner that first season was a dentist and exhibition shooter, Dr. W.F. At first they were well-represented among the cowboys. Cody gained permission from his superiors to take a small group of fighters to engage the warriors. Some, such as Buck Taylors Wild West, were started by Buffalo Bill alumni. New York Public LibraryTwo performers in Buffalo Bills Wild West show. Like their American counterparts, Europeans, for the most part, fell for this ploy. Infatuation with the Indian, though, was not the only romance that engaged Europeans. Codys infidelities and alcoholism were also widely publicized at this time. Exotic and intriguing the Indians may have been to Europeans. Indeed, even his name was just the fabrication of an eccentric man named William Cody. Parade of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, No. In 1869, facing a protracted battle with Native tribes like the Sioux, President Ulysses S. Grant appointed Phillip Sheridan as commanding general of the army and asked him to help solve the Indian Problem once and for all. Bureau of Indian Affairs to manage Indian removal to western lands, Congress approved the creation of a new government agency Californios Mexicans who lived in California Central Pacific Railroad Forepaugh may have been first to stage a re-enactment of Custers Last Fight as a regular act. Congress tells the story of how Buffalo Bill - aka William Cody - brought his Wild West show to . Codys Wild West show offered everything that white men in search of power and glory were looking for. 18 terms. The lure of Western adventure did not dissipate as these boys became men. For Custer! they cry. Women also played several roles in Buffalo Bills Wild West. But, as historian John Sears has pointed out in a perceptive essay, as much as the show may have succeeded in embodying the wildness of the West, the show was as much a display of the products of nineteenth-century industrial civilization as it was of the savage life of the frontier. To put it in slightly different terms, the Wild West made a splash in a pond already filled with images of the American West. In most places, there would be a parade and two two-hour performances. After that high water mark, however, the show began to decline. In 1899, Buffalo Bills Wild West covered over 11,000 miles in 200 days giving 341 performances in 132 cities and towns across the United States. Buffalo Bill Cody, Wild Bill Hickok, and many other dimestore-novel heroes would inspire an entire generation of young white men to head west in search of their own Manifest Destiny. By 19, Cody had already worked as a cattle driver, teamster, fur trapper, and prospector. When the show began and a rider entered the arena carrying the American flag, Queen Victoria stood and bowed. Wikimedia CommonsHistorians have argued about whether Codys claims of riding in the Pony Express and many of his other self-touted accomplishments were actually true. Buffalo Girls: With Melanie Griffith, Anjelica Huston, Gabriel Byrne, Peter Coyote. It was important that Cody include indigenous performers to lend credence to his shows. As time went on there were, in the logic of touring, fewer long stays at major centers and more short stands. When he became Chief of Scouts for the Fifth Cavalry, he participated in numerous battles against the Plains Indians. Each night, he donned the very outfit that he wore in battle to reenact a wildly dramatized version of the killing of Yellow Hair, now renamed by Cody as Yellow Hand and promoted to the position of chief, instead of simple warrior. AAM First, at the level of articulate, specific responses, the question is what did Europeans choose to read in what they saw? The Americans may have bluffed their way across Europe, but they certainly satisfied a German, and more generally European, need for authenticity. 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