In the Hainuwele myth from Maluku, a girl emerges from the blossom of a coconut tree. The tradition began in the 1910s, and has continued since. [18][49] However, they may have also been partially selected for thicker husks for coir production, which was also important in Austronesian material culture as a source for cordage in building houses and boats. [86][87][88][84], The pole method uses a long pole with a cutting device at the end. [180], According to urban legend, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks annually. [citation needed], The two most common harvesting methods are the climbing method and the pole method. [24], The palm produces both the female and male flowers on the same inflorescence; thus, the palm is monoecious. Wild coconuts feature an elongated triangular fruit with a thicker husk and a smaller amount of endosperm. June 14, 2022; ushl assistant coach salary . What are the benefits of coconut products? [39] Thenga, its Tamil/Malayalam name, was used in the detailed description of coconut found in Itinerario by Ludovico di Varthema published in 1510 and also in the later Hortus Indicus Malabaricus. [144], Coconut sap, usually extracted from cut inflorescence stalks is sweet when fresh and can be drunk as is such as in tuba fresca of Mexico (derived from the Philippine tub). In some coconut growing countries, the coconut is the main or only source of foreign exchange earnings. [97], The Philippines is the world's second-largest producer of coconuts. [177], Some South Asian, Southeast Asian, and Pacific Ocean cultures have origin myths in which the coconut plays the main role. There are currently two major viewpoints on the origins of the genus Cocos, one in the Indo-Pacific, and another in South America. Coconut is the environment friendly small-holder palm of the tropical environment, Covering 12.28 million hectares in 90 countries with an annual production of 64.3 billion nuts, Coconut provides USD$ 7.73 Billion per annum to global coconut small holders. [61][63] The tall variety is outcrossing while dwarf palms are self-pollinating, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the tall group. Because coconut milk and oil nourish skin, moisturizing, restorative, vitality to skin, has a radiant effect. Though Kerala has the largest number of coconut trees, in terms of production per hectare, Tamil Nadu leads all other states. Immature coconuts produce a sloshing sound when shaken (the sharper the sound, the younger it is), while fully mature coconuts do not. [145] They can also be processed to extract palm sugar. Gasa suggested, for lack of paper, delivering by dugout canoe a message inscribed on a husked coconut shell, reading Nauru Isl commander / native knows posit / he can pilot / 11 alive need small boat / Kennedy.[159] This coconut was later kept on the president's desk, and is now in the John F. Kennedy Library. Malauhog (literally "mucus-like") refers to very young coconut meat (around 6 to 7 months old) which has a translucent appearance and a gooey texture that disintegrates easily. One of the primary economic contributions of the coconut is as a source of food. Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. Hair loss is the most common cause of hair loss in men and women, and it is the most common cause of hair loss in women. Nevin KG. A long handle made from some other wood may be inserted into the base of the bundle and used as a two-handed broom. [114] CAPB may cause mild skin irritation,[114] but allergic reactions to CAPB are rare[115] and probably related to impurities rendered during the manufacturing process (which include amidoamine and dimethylaminopropylamine) rather than CAPB itself. [43], The specific name nucifera is derived from the Latin words nux (nut) and fera (bearing), for 'nut-bearing'. Coconut oil, from the seed of the palm coconut, Cocos nucifera, is highly revered in Asia as the "Tree of Life" or as the fruit of the gods. The endocarp or shell is used for fuel for making shell charcoal, activated carbon etc. In 1987, a "coconut law" was signed by Governor Edwin Edwards exempting from insurance liability any decorated coconut "handed" from a Zulu float. [84] Modern methods use hydraulic elevators mounted on tractors or ladders. The player buys some small balls which are then thrown as hard as possible at coconuts balanced on sticks. For other uses, see, "Coconut tree" redirects here. Coconut (Cocos nucifera). Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." What's Funny About The Business Of Monkeys Picking Coconuts? Encyclopaedia Brittanica online. The UAE has, however, imposed strict laws on mature coconut tree imports from other countries to reduce the spread of pests to other native palm trees, as the mixing of date and coconut trees poses a risk of cross-species palm pests, such as rhinoceros beetles and red palm weevils. Coconuts only came into prominence as an important food item after the 1860s and this was largely due to its use by the Indian indentured immigrants who had replaced the slaves on the plantations and who had used coconuts in a variety of ways in their native land. 50 % of existing coconut palms have passed their economic bearing age (60 years) and are due for replanting, around 900 million coconut seedlings are required at a value of USD$ 2.7 Billion to secure a sustainable future for the global coconut estate. The coconut is a versatile and valuable crop, with a range of uses that contribute to both local and global economies. [171] Often it is decorated with bright metal foils and other symbols of auspiciousness. These skilled, unpaid laborers can pick hundreds of coconuts daily. They have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the single-seeded nut. In Kerala, coconut trunks are used for house construction. Inflorescence : Large, lateral arising from the axils of leaves, compound spadix, enclosed by large woody bract called spathe. [25] The female flower is much larger than the male flower. [95], The practice of using macaques to harvest coconuts was exposed in Thailand by the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) in 2019, resulting in calls for boycotts on coconut products. Coconut oil is also considered good for hair. [176], It was the main food of adherents of the now discontinued Vietnamese religion o Da. [21][22], Whole mature coconuts (11 to 13 months from flowering) sold for export, however, typically have the husk removed to reduce weight and volume for transport. On account of this, thepalm has been regarded as Kalpvriksh (Tree of heaven). Coconut Research Center. [11] Many modern different varieties are also grown, including the Maypan coconut, King coconut, and Macapuno. [131][86], Coconut milk powder, a protein-rich powder can be processed from coconut milk following centrifugation, separation, and spray drying. The nuts we had in baskets on deck remained edible and capable of germinating the whole way to Polynesia. World Economic Importance | SpringerLink According to epidemiological research published in 1981, a group of Polynesians for whom coconut represented 60% of the daily diet had no evidence of heart disease or hypercholesterolemia, despite the high lauric and myristic acid intake. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. A coconut can be hollowed out and used as a home for a rodent or small birds. PT. Long-term consumption of coconut oil may have negative health effects similar to those from consuming other sources of saturated fats, including butter, beef fat, and palm oil. Every part of the palm is usable for human needs -- food, shelter and fiber. [18][19][20] 2) The Wet Meat or Kernel: The kernel or endospermis an important article of food being used in culinary purpose. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Cocos-like fossils of fruits include "Cocos" intertrappeansis, "Cocos" pantii, and "Cocos" sahnii. Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. [136][137] In the Philippines, sweetened reduced coconut milk is marketed as coconut syrup and is used for various desserts. The coconut industry is an important pillar of Philippine agriculture. The tender nut supplies coconut water, a popular thirst quencher of health and hygienic value. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk or coconut oil. (2009). The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosperm so that it remains soft and this has become the characteristic of the nut. ", "Indian state decides coconut trees are no longer trees but palms", "Medieval Sourcebook: Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 13251354", "Coconut Industry in Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Export Development Board", "Australia has a lot of coconut palms so why don't we have a coconut industry? They are considered a rare delicacy, as harvesting the buds kills the palms. Coconut timber comes from the trunk, and is increasingly being used as an ecologically sound substitute for endangered hardwoods. The queen palm was originally classified in the genus Cocos along with the coconut, but was later reclassified in Syagrus. . [1] [7][8][9] Given proper care and growing conditions, coconut palms produce their first fruit in six to ten years, taking 15 to 20 years to reach peak production. Female flower Bracteate, ebracteolate, sessile, pistillate, incomplete, trimerous, actinomorphic and hypogynous. [102], Coconut milk, not to be confused with coconut water, is obtained by pressing the grated coconut meat, usually with hot water added which extracts the coconut oil, proteins, and aromatic compounds. The coconut palm is one of the most beautiful and useful trees in the world, grown in more than 80 countries of the tropical. The immature seeds are infested and desapped by larvae staying in the portion covered by the perianth of the immature seed; the seeds then drop off or survive deformed. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the markets oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. The fruit may also be damaged by eriophyid coconut mites (Eriophyes guerreronis). [49], In contrast to the Pacific coconuts, Indo-Atlantic coconuts were largely spread by Arab and Persian traders into the East African coast. Partially defatted edible coconut grating is an excellent product and used in bakery and confectionary. The Coconut Research Center describes the nut as rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals with oil comprising mainly medium-chain fatty acids. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. This is in line with our tagline, Office : The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses.The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. Halved, drained coconuts can also be hung up as bird feeders, and after the flesh has gone, can be filled with fat in winter to attract tits. These vary by the taste of the coconut water and color of the fruit, as well as other genetic factors. Coconut meal leftovers from oil and milk production feeds livestock. According to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, the coconut and African oil palms have important roles in international trade as sources of vegetable oil and fat. See also Can I Rub Coconut Oil On My Gums? Tempurung, as the shell is called in the Malay language, can be used as a soup bowl and if fixed with a handle a ladle. It supplies food, drink and shelter and also supplies raw material to number of industries intimately connected with domestic as well as economic life. As an abrasive,[156] a dried half coconut shell with husk can be used to buff floors. She earned her B.A. For the ProRodeo Hall of Fame bucking horse, see, Geographical distributions of Indo-Atlantic and Pacific coconut subpopulations and their genetic composition (Gunn, Inferred historical introduction of coconuts from the original centers of diversity in the, "Grated coconut" redirects here. The decreased buoyancy and increased fragility of this spherical, thin-husked fruit would not matter for a species that had started to be dispersed by humans and grown in plantations. Copra is the dried meat of the seed and after processing produces coconut oil and coconut meal. In Johann Vollmann and Istvan Rajcan (Eds.). The inner posterior tepal is completely outside. Palm. Male flower Bracteate, ebracteolate, sessile, staminate, incomplete, trimerous, actinomorphic and pistillodes are present. Conclusion A high source of important vitamins and minerals, as well as high in fibre, fruits are an excellent food choice. Economic aspects of Coconut Lethal Yellowing in Jamaica Virgin coconut oil is predicted to experience high demand from consumers with higher health consciousness and as well as aging population. [45], Modern genetic studies have identified the center of origin of coconuts as being the Central Indo-Pacific, the region between western Southeast Asia and Melanesia, where it shows greatest genetic diversity. Coconut plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of India. These includes two specimens named "Cocos" palaeonucifera and "Cocos" binoriensis, both were dated by their authors to the MaastrichtianDanian of the early Tertiary (70 to 62 million years ago). It was the world's largest producer for decades until a decline in production due to aging trees as well as typhoon devastation. [104], In Goa, the coconut tree has been reclassified by the government as a palm (rather than a tree), enabling farmers and developers to clear land with fewer restrictions and without needing permission from the forest department before cutting a coconut tree.[105][106]. Riung Wangi III No.53, Bandung, West Java, Subscribe with your email address to receive pricelist and updates. In Sanskrit, it is kalpa vriksha ("the tree which provides all the necessities of life"). Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. Coconuts' versatility is sometimes noted in its naming. Dried coconut leaves can be burned to ash, which can be harvested for lime. The Coconut tree belongs to the palm family. It has applications in furniture and specialized construction, as notably demonstrated in Manila's Coconut Palace. The falling of their mature fruit has led to preoccupation with death by coconut.[3][5]. The original one is held each October in Greenwich. [72] Yellowing diseases affect plantations in Africa, India, Mexico, the Caribbean and the Pacific Region. The Philippines and Indonesia lead in copra production, and throughout the South Pacific copra is one of the most important export products. It is also used as a natural moisturizer, especially for winter. [26][27] In Colombia, a single Cocos-like fruit was recovered from the middle to late Paleocene Cerrejn Formation. It allows toxins to be thrown out of stomach. What happens when you drink coconut water for 7 days? 2,0004,000 adventitious roots may grow, each about 1cm (12in) large. The earliest Cocos-like fossil to be found was "Cocos"zeylanica, a fossil species described from small fruits, around 3.5cm (1+12in) 1.3 to 2.5cm (12 to 1in) in size, recovered from the Miocene (~23 to 5.3 million years ago) of New Zealand in 1926. (2015), however, suggests that their diversity in New Zealand indicate that they evolved endemically, rather than being introduced to the islands by long-distance dispersal. However, both James Cook and William Bligh[69] (put adrift after the Bounty mutiny) found no sign of the nuts along this 2,000km (1,200mi) stretch when he needed water for his crew. This variety of oilseeds made up over 10 percent of the sector that year. ~It also helps to make skin softer and more supple. It is a haustorium, a spongy absorbent tissue formed from the distal portion of embryo during coconut germination, facilitates absorption of nutrients for the growing shoot and root.[142]. The coconut has cultural and religious significance in certain societies, particularly in the Western Pacific Austronesian cultures where it features in their mythologies, songs, and oral traditions. In 2007, the Philippines imposed a quarantine in Metro Manila and 26 provinces to stop the spread of the pest and protect the Philippine coconut industry managed by some 3.5million farmers.[75]. The husks of the coconut are a source of coir, a fiber used in the production of brushes, matting, and other products. However, like most palm fossils, Cocos-like fossils are still putative, as they are usually difficult to identify. Spraying with wettable sulfur 0.4% or with Neem-based pesticides can give some relief, but is cumbersome and labor-intensive. The origin of dwarf varieties is Southeast Asia, which contain the tall cultivars that are genetically closest to dwarf coconuts. "Chapter 12 Coconut". But this is uncommon. The liquid of the nut, known as coconut water, is used in beverages. (2006). Such an origin indicates that the coconuts were not introduced naturally, such as by sea currents. A single coconut palm may yield 100 coconuts annually, and each fruit requires a year to fully ripen. A coconut (Sanskrit: narikela) is an essential element of rituals in Hindu tradition. On the eve of Choti Holi . In fact, the toning property of coconut helps in preventing acne by minimizing the pores of the skin, leaving it glowing. They grow best near sea level, within 15 degrees of the Equator. Economic importance of coconut fruit. Botanical description and In Kerala, India, the main coconut pests are the coconut mite, the rhinoceros beetle, the red palm weevil, and the coconut leaf caterpillar. and early germination on the palm (vivipary) was important. These skilled, unpaid laborers can pick hundreds of coconuts daily. In Vanuatu, coconut palms for copra production are generally spaced 9m (30ft) apart, allowing a tree density of 100 to 160 per hectare (40 to 65 per acre). Perera, Champa K. Bandaranayake and Hugh C. Harries. Few plants are as versatile as the coconut. [citation needed], Indonesia is the world's largest producer of coconuts, with gross production of 15million tonnes. Trees grow up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall and can yield up to 75 fruits per year, though fewer than 30 is more typical. Therefore, heavy turf grass environments (beach resorts and golf courses) also pose a major threat to local coconut trees. Coconut production in the Philippines - Wikipedia You probably already have everything you need in your pantry, kitchen, or medicine cabinet. Coconut | Description, Uses, & Facts | Britannica [34][35][36][37] Coco and coconut apparently came from 1521 encounters by Portuguese and Spanish explorers with Pacific Islanders, with the coconut shell reminding them of a ghost or witch in Portuguese folklore called coco (also cca). Its meat is sweetened, cut into strands, and sold in glass jars as coconut strings, sometimes labeled as "coconut sport". They include morphotaxa like Palmoxylon sundaran, Palmoxylon insignae, and Palmocarpon cocoides. Some of the dwarf cultivars such as 'Malayan dwarf' have shown some promising resistance to lethal yellowing, while other cultivars such as 'Jamaican tall' are highly affected by the same plant disease. [160], Coir (the fiber from the husk of the coconut) is used in ropes, mats, doormats, brushes, and sacks, as caulking for boats, and as stuffing fiber for mattresses. Hemera Technologies/Photos.com/Getty Images. What are the economic importance of coconut? Sweet coconut sap can be made into drinks or fermented into palm wine or coconut vinegar. [118][119], Maturity is difficult to assess on an unopened coconut, and there is no technically proven method for determining maturity. [4], The niu vai form is the domesticated form dominant in the Pacific coconuts. It is also often stated that coconuts can travel 110 days, or 5,000km (3,000mi), by sea and still be able to germinate. The Pacific group is the only one to display clear genetic and phenotypic indications that they were domesticated; including dwarf habit, self-pollination, and the round "niu vai" fruit morphology with larger endosperm-to-husk ratios. As development continues, cellular layers of endosperm deposit along the walls of the endocarp up to 11mm (38in) thick, starting at the distal end. It is also used as a natural moisturizer, especially for winter. [6] On fertile soil, a tall coconut palm tree can yield up to 75 fruits per year, but more often yields less than 30. The coconut water strengthens your immune system and removes bacteria that cause urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, gum diseases and viruses which are causing cold, infection diseases and typhus. In comparison, mature coconuts with the husk intact can be stored for three to five months at normal room temperature . See also Can Raw Coconut Cause Stomach Pain? Several countries economies are based on the coconut palm. It has great demand in confectionary and other good industries. It contributes 2 per cent to Sri Lankas GDP, 2.5 per cent to export earnings and 5 per cent to employment. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. [18][19] Niu vai endocarp fragments have been recovered in archaeological sites in the St. Matthias Islands of the Bismarck Archipelago. It increases bold circulation in the kidneys and cause profuse dieresis. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. In order to resolve this enigma, a 2014 study proposed that the ancestors of Cocos had likely originated on the Caribbean coast of what is now Colombia, and during the Eocene the ancestral Cocos performed a long-distance dispersal across the Atlantic Ocean to North Africa. The hard shells, fibrous husks and long pinnate leaves can be used as material to make a variety of products for furnishing and decoration. The coconut is also an important economic resource for the production of fiber and other materials. The endocarp is around .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}4 millimetres (18 inch) thick and has three distinctive germination pores (micropyles) on the distal end. It is eaten as is or used as an ingredient in various dishes. Economics of Coconut Oil; Just Change Trust; 2006; Bangalore, India. Economic Importance of Coconut Oil | Bizfluent Nor were there coconuts on the east side of the African coast until Vasco da Gama, nor in the Caribbean when first visited by Christopher Columbus. [130], A special cultivar of coconut known as macapuno produces a large amount of jelly-like coconut meat. Coconut oil is a "functional food" that is popular in traditional medicine in Asia and used worldwide to treat a wide variety of health problems from abscesses to upset stomachs. If the juice does not taste fresh, throw the coconut away. 70% of the total coconut production is for domestic consumption in most producing countries making Coconut a critical global food security crop. In Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore and Tirupur regions top the production list. [58] They may grow but not fruit properly in areas with insufficient warmth, such as Bermuda. [178] In Maldivian folklore, one of the main myths of origin reflects the dependence of the Maldivians on the coconut tree. Nevertheless, the authors Gomez-Navarro et al. In the Philippines, dried half shells are also used as a music instrument in a folk dance called maglalatik. Fruit growing, on the other hand, is perennial in nature, allowing the grower to remain engaged in farm operations throughout the year and to make full use of farm resources and assets, such as machinery, land, and water, for production purposes throughout the year. Coconut Tree is commonly found in coastal areas. Bangalore, Karnataka 560025, Monday to Friday 9:30 AM 5:30 PM From fermented today alcohol is prepared. Coconut assumes considerable significance in the national economy of coconut-growing countries in view of rural employment and income generation. What are 10 uses for a coconut? Three countries were chosen from the nine as focus countries for implementation: Guyana, Jamaica and Dominican Republic. Desiccated or shredded coconut is very popular in breakfast cereals and cookies as well. However they are mainly present as decoration, and the Australian coconut industry is small; Australia is a net importer of coconut products. [89], Determining whether to harvest is also important. Rigby (1995) assigned them to modern Cocos nucifera based on its size. The reasons why coconut are cultivated only in Yemen's Al Mahrah and Hadramaut governorates and in the Sultanate of Oman, but not in other suitable areas in the Arabian Peninsula, may originate from the fact that Oman and Hadramaut had long dhow trade relations with Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia, East Africa, and Zanzibar, as well as southern India and China. Coconut is an important tree crop with diverse end-users and employment generation potentials. Spread coconut flakes thinly on a baking sheet and put them in the oven for around five or 10 minutes until they're golden brown. The meat can be eaten fresh from the coconut but the meat can also be used to make oil, milk, cream and desiccated coconut. econom y of Sri Lanka. [27][28] Endt & Hayward (1997) have noted their resemblance to members of the South American genus Parajubaea, rather than Cocos, and propose a South American origin. This basically turns the trunk of the tree into a ladder, though it reduces the value of coconut timber recovered from the trees and can be an entry point for infection. The fruit is adapted for ocean dispersal. The liquids inside of a coconut are available as Shredded sweetened coconut 100g 500 calories 48g carbs 43g sugar 35g fat 4. The dry husk yields coir, a fibre highly resistant to salt water and used in the manufacture of ropes, mats, baskets, brushes, and brooms. The various products of Coconut include tender Coconut water, copra, Coconut oil, raw The fragments are dated to approximately 1000BCE, suggesting that cultivation and artificial selection of coconuts were already practiced by the Austronesian Lapita people. HE Moore Jr, NW Uhl. Coconut oil is also a main ingredient in Ayurvedic oils. Indonesia overtook it in 2010. Coconuts probably originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya and are one of the most important crops of the tropics. Specimens have been collected from the sea as far north as Norway (but it is not known where they entered the water). [26][27] The vast majority of Cocos-like fossils have been recovered generally from only two regions in the world: New Zealand and west-central India. [57] Thor Heyerdahl provides an alternative, and much shorter, estimate based on his first-hand experience crossing the Pacific Ocean on the raft Kon-Tiki:[68]. In Thailand, the coconut husk is used as a potting medium to produce healthy forest tree saplings. The day is recognized as the beginning of the joyful, colourful Holi celebrations and is seen as a symbolic triumph of good over evil. The coconut tree is the official state tree of Kerala, India. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Furthermore, the exports of coconut products serve as the nation's prime foreign exchange earner. ", "Structure and Function of the Haustorim in Germinating Coconut Palm Seed", "Fossil fruit of Cocos L. (Arecaceae) from Maastrichtian-Danian sediments of central India and its phytogeographical significance", "An update of monocot macrofossil data from New Zealand and Australia", "A Fossil Coconut Fruit from the Early Eocene of Gujarat", "Long-distance dispersal of the coconut palm by migration within the coral atoll ecosystem", "Independent Origins of Cultivated Coconut (, "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion", "Coconuts: not indigenous, but quite at home nevertheless", "An early sophisticated East Polynesian voyaging canoe discovered on New Zealand's coast", "Germination rate is the significant characteristic determining coconut palm diversity", "Deep history of coconuts decoded: Origins of cultivation, ancient trade routes, and colonization of the Americas", "Complete sequence and comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome of coconut palm (, The Coconut Odyssey the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, "Report: 26 provinces quarantined for coconut pest", "Coconut production in 2019, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)", "Petenes mangroves: types and severity of threats", "Health of coconut tree climbers of rural southern India medical emergencies, body mass index and occupational marks: A quantitative and survey study", "Philippine coconut industry: No monkey business here", "The Chemistry of Coconut Milk and Cream", "New mechanical coconut climbing device developed", "A study on skills for trade and economic diversification (STED) in the non-traditional coconut export sectors of the Philippines".

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